Back-End Software Design

Back-end development focuses on server-side logic, databases, APIs, and infrastructure that power web applications. It's the engine room of any digital product.

Core Objectives

• Data management and storage
• Business logic implementation
• API development for front-end consumption
• System security and user authentication
• Performance optimization and scalability

Key Components

Solid back-end design follows established principles to ensure maintainability, scalability, and reliability.

Foundational Principles

• Separation of Concerns: Divide system into distinct modules
• DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself): Avoid code duplication
• KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid): Simplicity over complexity
• YAGNI (You Ain't Gonna Need It): Implement only what's necessary

Scalability Patterns

• Horizontal Scaling: Adding more machines to your pool
• Vertical Scaling: Adding more power to existing machines
• Load Balancing: Distributing traffic across servers
• Database Sharding: Splitting databases into smaller pieces

Choosing the right architecture pattern is crucial for system efficiency and maintainability.

Common Patterns

• Monolithic: Single-tiered application with all components combined
• Microservices: Collection of small, independent services
• Serverless: Event-driven execution in managed environments
• Event-Driven: Systems communicating through events

Comparison

Pattern	Pros	Cons
Monolithic	Simple development, easy deployment	Difficult to scale, tight coupling
Microservices	Independent scaling, technology diversity	Complex deployment, network latency
Serverless	Cost-effective, automatic scaling	Cold starts, vendor lock-in

Modern back-end development utilizes a diverse set of technologies and tools.

Programming Languages

Database Systems